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§ 73.85 Caramel.
(a) Identity. (1) The color additive caramel is the dark-brown liquid or solid material resulting from the carefully controlled heat treatment of the following food-grade carbohydrates:
Dextrose.
Invert sugar.
Lactose.
Malt sirup.
Molasses.
Starch hydrolysates and fractions thereof.
Sucrose.
(2) The food-grade acids, alkalis, and salts listed in this subparagraph may be employed to assist caramelization, in amounts consistent with good manufacturing practice.
(i) Acids:
Acetic acid.
Citric acid.
Phosphoric acid.
Sulfuric acid.
Sulfurous acid.
(ii) Alkalis:
Ammonium hydroxide.
Calcium hydroxide U.S.P.
Potassium hydroxide.
Sodium hydroxide.
(iii) Salts: Ammonium, sodium, or potassium carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphate (including dibasic phosphate and monobasic phosphate), sulfate, and sulfite.
(3) Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, identified in §172.854 of this chapter, may be used as antifoaming agents in amounts not greater than that required to produce the intended effect.
(4) Color additive mixtures for food use made with caramel may contain only diluents that are suitable and that are listed in this subpart as safe in color additive mixtures for coloring foods.
(b) Specifications. Caramel shall conform to the following specifications:
Lead (as Pb), not more than 10 parts per million.
Arsenic (as As), not more than 3 parts per million.
Mercury (as Hg), not more than 0.1 part per million.
(c) Uses and restrictions. Caramel may be safely used for coloring foods generally, in amounts consistent withgood manufacturing practice, except that it may not be used to color foods for which standards of identity have been promulgated under section 401 of the act unless added color is authorized by such standards.
(d) Labeling. The label of the color additive and any mixtures prepared therefrom and intended solely or in part for coloring purposes shall conform to the requirements of §70.25 of this chapter.
(e) Exemption from certification. Certification of this color additive is not necessary for the protection of the public health and therefore batches thereof are exempt from the certification requirements of section 721(c) of the act.
§73.85 焦糖色
(a)特性:
(1)着色剂焦糖色,为深棕色液体或固体物质,由下列食用级碳水化合物在仔细控制下加热处理而制得:
葡萄糖
转化糖
乳糖
麦芽糖浆
糖蜜
淀粉的水解物或其部分分解物
蔗糖
(2)下列食用级酸、碱和盐可用做焦糖化反应的助剂,其用量应符合GMP的要求。
(i)酸类:
乙酸
柠檬酸
磷酸
硫酸
亚硫酸
(ii)碱类:
氢氧化铵
氢氧化钙(美国药品级)
氢氧化钾
氢氧化钠
(iii)盐类:碳酸的、碳酸氢的、磷酸的(包括一氢和二氢磷酸的)、硫酸的和亚硫酸的铵盐、钠盐或钾盐。
(3)本章§172.854中所指的脂肪酸聚甘油酯可用做消泡剂,其用量以不超过生产中所需效果的用量。
(4)用焦糖色所配制的食用着色剂混合物,只能选用合适的本分部所列的可安全地用于食品着色用的着色剂混合物稀释剂。
(b)质量规格:焦糖色需符合下列质量指标:
铅(以Pb计),不超过10mg/kg。
砷(以As计),不超过3mg/kg。
汞(以Hg计),不超过0.1mg/kg。
(c)使用和限制条件:焦糖色在符合现行GMP用量条件下可安全地用于一般食品的着色,但不能用于法规401节中颁布的已确定标准的食品的着色,除非所加入的色素是这类标准所允许的。
(d)标签标注方法:本着色剂和任何由本着色剂制成的混合物,拟单独使用或起部分着色效果时,其标签必须符合本章§70.25中的要求。
(e)免除产品证书:本着色剂免除产品证书以保护公众健康。所生产的每批产品也免除按法规721(c)中所规定的需要产品证书。
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